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2010
 Xenotropic
Murine Leukemia Virus–related Gammaretrovirus in Respiratory
Tract. Fischer N, Schulz C, Stieler K, Hohn O,
Lange C, Drosten C, et al. Xenotropic murine leukemia
virus–related gammaretrovirus in respiratory tract. Emerg Infect
Dis [serial on the Internet on the Internet]. 2010 Jun
[date cited].
http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/6/1000.htm "XMRV-specific
sequences were detected in 2%–3% of samples from 168
immunocompetent carriers and ≈10% of samples from 161
immunocompromised patients."
"Our findings indicate that XMRV or virus-infected cells might
be carried in and transmitted by the respiratory tract. Attempts
to isolate infectious virus from XMRV sequence–positive
respiratory samples failed, possibly because of inadequate
storage of samples before virus culturing attempts or relatively
low copy numbers of the virus within the samples. Thus, whether
the respiratory tract serves as a putative transmission route
for XMRV cannot be determined at this time. The observed
increase in prevalence among immunosuppressed patients with RTI
suggests that XMRV might be reactivated in absence of an
efficient antiviral defense. Together with earlier observations
on increased XMRV replication in RNase L–deficient cells (1,12),
this finding implies that the immune system plays a role in
controlling XMRV replication. It remains unknown whether
immunosuppression predisposes a patient to secrete infectious
XMRV from the respiratory tract or whether presence of virus
might be meaningless for epidemiology in a way similar to HIV-1
(15). Future studies should address whether the respiratory
tract might serve as a source of XMRV infection or whether
immunosuppression might cause an increased risk for primary
infection."
2009
The
Prevalence of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related Virus in
Healthy Blood Donors in Japan.
Rika A. Furuta1, Takayuki
Miyazawa2, Takeki Sugiyama3, Takafumi Kimura1, Fumiya Hirayama1,
Yoshihiko Tani1 and Hirotoshi Shibata1 "The results of genomic
PCR performing on the PBMCs indicate that XMRV is sustained in a
few fractions of blood cells and can spread through blood even
though the virus replication rate appears to be very low."
Detection
of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Vincent C. Lombardi,
Francis W. Ruscetti, Jaydip Das Gupta,Max A. Pfost, Kathryn S.
Hagen, Daniel L. Peterson, Sandra K. Ruscetti, Rachel K. Bagni,
Cari Petrow-Sadowski, Bert Gold, Michael Dean, Robert H.
Silverman, Judy A. Mikovits (Abstract) "Cell
culture experiments revealed that patient-derived XMRV is
infectious and that both cell associated and cell-free
transmission of the virus are possible. Secondary viral infections
were established in uninfected primary lymphocytes and indicator
cell lines following exposure to activated PBMCs, B cells, T
cells, or plasma derived from CFS patients. These findings raise
the possibility that XMRV may be a contributing factor in the
pathogenesis of CFS."
Supporting
Online Material
Full article reprint (8 October 2009) Science [DOI:
10.1126/science.1179052]
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